MSc degree meaning: Understanding what a Master of Science really is
Considering a postgraduate qualification and wondering about the MSc degree meaning? A Master of Science (MSc) offers advanced knowledge and practical expertise in fields. This guide explains what an MSc degree is, how it differs from other master's qualifications, and the career opportunities it can help unlock.
If you are researching postgraduate study options, you have probably come across the term MSc degree. But what exactly does it mean, and is it the right choice for your academic and career goals?
An MSc (Master of Science) is one of the many types of master's degrees available to postgraduate students. While master's degrees can take different forms—such as an MA (Master of Arts), MBA (Master of Business Administration), or MiM (Master in Management)—an MSc typically focuses on scientific, technical, analytical, or quantitative disciplines.
In this guide, we explain the meaning of an MSc degree, how it differs from other master's degrees, what you can study, and the career opportunities it can lead to.
Key facts
- Level: Master's degree (postgraduate)
- Entry requirement: Usually a bachelor's degree or equivalent
- Duration: Typically 1–2 years full-time
- Focus: Advanced academic knowledge, practical skills, research, or professional preparation
- Qualification level: Master's degree (Bac+5), recognised as a Level 7 qualification under the European Qualifications Framework (EQF).
MSc degree definition
MSc stands for Master of Science. It is a postgraduate degree awarded by business schools and universities to students who have completed advanced studies in a specific subject area.
An MSc is typically pursued after earning a bachelor's degree and enables students to develop deeper knowledge, specialised expertise, and practical skills in their chosen field. The degree is widely recognised around the world and is offered across a variety of disciplines, including:
- Finance
- Data Science
- Artificial Intelligence
- Business Management
- Marketing Analytics
- Engineering
- Computer Science
- Economics
- Environmental Science
What is an MSc degree?
An MSc degree is a master's-level qualification that usually focuses on analytical, technical, quantitative, or research-based learning. Depending on the university and programme, students may:
- Attend lectures and seminars
- Complete individual or group projects
- Conduct research
- Write a dissertation, thesis, or final project
- Gain practical experience through internships or industry collaborations
Most MSc programmes are designed to help students develop expertise that can be applied directly in the workplace or in further academic research.
How long does an MSc degree take?
An MSc degree typically takes between one and two years to complete. Most full-time MSc programmes in Europe last around 12–18 months, while programmes in countries such as the United States often take two years.
What Subjects Can You Study in an MSc?
While the term "Master of Science" suggests a focus on science-related disciplines, MSc degrees are offered across a broad range of fields. Popular MSc subjects include:
Finance
Business and Management
- Business Analytics
- Marketing Management
- Strategy
- Marketing Analytics
- Creative Industries
Technology and Data
- Data Science
- Artificial Intelligence
- Computer Science
- Cybersecurity
Science and Engineering
- Biotechnology
- Environmental Science
- Engineering
- Mathematics
Sustainability
- Climate Change
- Sustainable Finance
- Sustainable Business
The exact curriculum depends on the institution and specialisation.
MSc vs MA: What is the difference?
Students often compare an MSc with an MA (Master of Arts). The main difference generally lies in the program's academic focus.
| MSc (Master of Science) | MA (Master of Arts) |
| Often more quantitative and analytical | Often more theoretical or humanities-focused |
| Common in science, technology, business, finance, and economics | Common in arts, humanities, social sciences, and communication |
| May include technical projects, research, or data analysis | May emphasise critical thinking, writing, and qualitative research |
However, there is no universal rule. Some subjects may be offered as either an MSc or an MA depending on the university.
Why choose an MSc Degree?
Students choose an MSc for different reasons. Common motivations include:
1. Developing specialised knowledge
An MSc allows students to gain expertise in a specific field and build advanced knowledge beyond their undergraduate studies.
2. Improving career opportunities
Many employers value master's-level qualifications, especially in technical, analytical, and specialized professions.
3. Changing career direction
Some MSc programmes welcome students from different academic backgrounds, helping them transition into a new industry or profession.
4. Preparing for research
Students interested in doctoral studies or research careers often use an MSc as a stepping stone toward further academic work.
What jobs can you get with an MSc degree?
The career opportunities available after an MSc depend on the subject studied. Examples include:
| MSc Subject | Potential Careers |
| Finance | Financial Analyst, Investment Analyst, Risk Manager, Quantitative Trader, Sales Trader, M&A Analyst, Financial Controller, Auditor |
| Marketing Management | Brand Manager, Product Manager, Business Development Manager, Sales Account Manager |
| Data Science | Data Scientist, Data Analyst, Machine Learning Specialist, Digital Analytics Consultant |
| Marketing Analytics | Marketing Analyst, Growth Analyst, Digital Marketing Specialist, CRM Manager |
| Artificial Intelligence | AI Consultant, Machine Learning Engineer, Data Scientist |
| Sustainable Business | Sustainability Consultant, ESG Analyst, Sustainability Manager, Supply Chain Manager, Operations Manager |
| Entrepreneurship | Project Manager, Founder/Co-Founder, Product Owner, Account Manager |
Employers often seek candidates who can combine advanced academic knowledge with practical problem-solving skills.
Entry requirements to pursue an MSc degree at EDHEC Business School
To apply for an MSc degree at EDHEC Business School, candidates must hold a minimum three-year bachelor's degree (or equivalent) from an accredited institution.
As all MSc programmes are taught in English, applicants must also demonstrate English-language proficiency unless they qualify for an exemption.
For MSc programmes, GMAT or GRE scores are optional but may strengthen an application.
| Requirement | Details |
|---|---|
| Academic qualification | Bachelor's degree or international equivalent qualification, (minimum three-year/Bac+3 level) |
| English proficiency | TOEFL iBT, TOEIC, IELTS, Cambridge Test of English, PTE Academic |
| Aptitude test (GMAT/GRE/Tage Mage) | Optional for MSc programmes (unlike the Master in Management, for which it is mandatory) |
| Application documents | Academic transcripts, motivation letter, and letters of recommendation |
| Selection process | Application file review plus a video interview (kira) |
| Work experience | Not compulsory for most MSc programmes; can strengthen an application |
| Accreditation | All full-time MSc programmes are accredited by the CEFDG at master's grade |
FAQs about MSc degrees
The value of an MSc degree depends on your personal goals, chosen field, and career ambitions.
An MSc can help you:
- Develop specialised expertise
- Build professional skills
- Access new career opportunities
- Increase your competitiveness in the job market
- Prepare for doctoral or research studies
Before applying, consider the programme content, teaching methods, career outcomes, and return on investment.
A PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) is a doctoral degree and ranks higher than an MSc.
The MSc is a second-cycle qualification, while the PhD represents third-cycle study within the academic hierarchy.
Typically, a PhD requires three to five years of intensive research following a master's degree. Many students use an MSc as a stepping stone towards doctoral research, particularly if they wish to pursue careers in academia or research-intensive industries.
An MSc is typically more specialised and technical, focusing on developing deep expertise in a specific field such as finance, data science or marketing analytics.
In contrast, an MBA (Master of Business Administration) offers broader leadership and management training across multiple business functions.
MBAs usually require several years of professional experience and are designed for mid-career professionals aiming for senior management roles, whereas MSc programmes often suit recent graduates or early-career professionals.
Use "an MSc" because MSc is pronounced "em-ess-see", which starts with a vowel sound.
In English, the article 'an' precedes words that start with a vowel sound, regardless of whether the first letter is actually a vowel.
